Genetic diversity is strongly associated with ecosystem functions across natural trophic chains, showing that it can be as important as species diversity.
Transmissible tumors in Hydra can manipulate host phenotype by inducing the growth of supernumerary tentacles, enhancing host foraging efficiency and promoting tumor vertical transmission, akin to manipulative parasites.
Tree diversity and canopy cover shape host-parasitoid communities and network structure through phylogenetic links in a species-rich forest ecosystems.