A global view of the aspiring physician-scientist
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, United States
- Veterans Health Administration, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, United States
- Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research, University of Michigan, United States
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
- The Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, and Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States
Figures
Figure 1
Translational Science Continuum.
The T0 pillar anchors basic science bench research, whereas T1 work extends basic science discovery to the first in human trials looking for safety and efficacy endpoints, proof-of-concept, and phase 1 clinic trials. T2 science includes the phase 2 and 3 clinical trials of diagnostics, therapeutics, devices, and other interventions for human health. The physician-scientist must have a different educational focus for this pillar than the T0/T1 physician-scientist. Education must cover clinical trials science, observational studies, meaningful endpoint detection, statistical methods focused on human populations, and human behavior. T3 science extends to phase 4 clinical trials and other observational studies such as health services and clinical outcomes research. Physician-scientists in this arena need education in community-based participatory research and cost-effectiveness and comparative effectiveness research methods. T4 science looks at population-level outcomes and how social determinants of health significantly influence health. Physician-scientists must gain specialization in public policy and health disparities research to include population health guideline development and rigorous meta-analytic strategies.
Author and source: Copyright held by Vivid Biology. The figure is available under the terms of the CC-BY Attribution 4.0 license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Tables
Table 1
The Hidden Curriculum.
| 1 | Networking skills |
| 2 | Mentor training |
| 3 | Research Management |
| 4 | Promoting Science |
| 5 | Resiliency |
| 6 | Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion |
| 7 | Team Science |
Table 2
Strategies to Promote Diversity.
| 1 | Institutional anti-racism policies |
| 2 | Support URiM trainees and faculty |
| 3 | Promote diversity in public for a and institutional leadership |
| 4 | Provide child/elder care subsidies |
| 5 | Track diversity outcomes metrics |
| 6 | Develop ‘diversity aware’ training curricula |
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A global view of the aspiring physician-scientist
eLife 11:e79738.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.79738
