Global and context-specific transcriptional consequences of oncogenic Fbw7 mutations
Figures
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RNA-Seq reveals differential gene expression in Hct116 Fbw7−/− and Fbw7R/+ cells.
(A) Genetically engineered isogenic cell lines used in the study: Hct116 wild-type (WT), Fbw7−/−, and Fbw7R/+. (B) Differentially expressed (DE) protein-coding genes (represented by each dot) in Fbw7−/− or Fbw7R/+ (FDR<0.05). Dashed lines mark log2FC=0.6. (C) Hierarchical clustering of DE protein-coding genes. The heatmap shows the intensity of expression of each gene (y-axis) for three replicates per cell type (x-axis). Three replicates per cell type were included. Replicates for each genotype were from a single clone, however from separately cultured samples. (D) Transcription factors, pathways (MSigDB), and GO terms that were enriched in genes upregulated in Fbw7−/− and Fbw7R/+ Hct116 cells. Detailed output of differential expression analysis, hierarchical clustering, and Enrichr analysis are provided as Figure 1—source data 1Figure 1—source data 2Figure 1—source data 3, respectively. See Figure 1—figure supplement 1 for the PCA of Hct116 RNA-Seq and Figure 1—figure supplement 2 for cell proliferation data. GO, gene ontology; PCA, principal component analysis.
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Figure 1—source data 1
Differential expression analysis of Hct116 RNA-Seq.
This Excel file contains the differential analysis output of Hct116 RNA-Seq data from WT, Fbw7−/− (Del), and Fbw7R/+ (R). DE=0, not differentially expressed (DE) in the mutant compared to WT; DE=1, DE in the mutant compared to WT. WT, wild-type.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/74338/elife-74338-fig1-data1-v2.xlsx
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Figure 1—source data 2
Hierarchical cluster output file.
This Excel file includes genes that belong to each cluster in the hierarchical cluster analysis.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/74338/elife-74338-fig1-data2-v2.xlsx
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Figure 1—source data 3
Enrichr output for Hct116 differentially expressed genes.
This Excel file includes the TRANSFAC & JASPAR, MSigDB, and GO term outputs enriched in differential (upregulated or downregulated) genes in Fbw7−/− and Fbw7R/+ Hct116 cells. GO, gene ontology.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/74338/elife-74338-fig1-data3-v2.xlsx
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Principal component analysis (PCA) of RNA-Seq from Hct116 cells.
Hct116 wild-type (WT), Fbw7−/−, and Fbw7R/+ samples separate by genotype. Replicates from each condition are clustered together.
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Proliferation of Fbw7 mutant Hct116 cells.
(A) Cell proliferation was monitored with an IncuCyte for 75 hr. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Proliferation was measured at each time point normalized to percent confluence at time 0. Doubling time, WT 20.9 hr, Fbw7R/+ 24.9 hr, and Fbw7−/− 25.9 hr. (B) Flow cytometry analysis of DNA replication in Fbw7 mutant cells. Density plots of EdU versus DNA content (DAPI) in Hct116 cells. Single cells were identified by gating events on DAPI-H/DAPI-A. Cells were labeled with EdU prior to harvest and were later fixed and immuno-stained for flow cytometry. WT, wild-type.
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Differential H3K27ac signal in Hct116 Fbw7 mutant cells reveal genomic sites targeted by Fbw7.
(A) Heatmaps showing the correlation between CUT&RUN profiles of H3K27ac and H3K27me3, and RNA-Seq in Hct116 WT cells. (B) Genome browser view of H3K27ac and H3K27me3 signal from Hct116 WT, Fbw7R/+, and Fbw7−/− cells at a representative gene. (C) Peaks with increased (red) or decreased (blue) H3K27ac signal in Hct116 Fbw7−/− and Fbw7R/+ cells compared to WT cells. Differential sites indicated as a percent of total H3K27ac peaks in Hct116 WT cells. (D) Percentage of H3K27ac peaks located within different gene regions. (E) Sequence logo for AP-1 motif enriched in H3K27ac peaks increased in Fbw7−/− cells (E value=1.6e−3). See Figure 2—figure supplement 1, Figure 2—figure supplement 2, Figure 2—source data 1 and Figure 2—source data 2. Figure 2—figure supplement 3 has the complete MEME output and details on the FIMO analysis. CUT&RUN, cleavage under target and release using nuclease; WT, wild-type.
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Figure 2—source data 1
H3K27ac differential sites.
This Excel file includes lists of peaks with increased and decreased H3K27ac signal in Hct116 Fbw7−/− and Fbw7R/+ relative to WT. Fold change and FDR listed for each peak. WT, wild-type.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/74338/elife-74338-fig2-data1-v2.xlsx
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Figure 2—source data 2
Summary of CUT&RUN differential sites.
This Excel file includes a summary (total number of differential sites, percentage, and number of annotated genes) of H3K27ac, Jun, and Myc differential sites in Hct116 cells and Jun differential sites in U5-NSCs. CUT&RUN, cleavage under target and release using nuclease; NSC, neural stem cell.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/74338/elife-74338-fig2-data2-v2.xlsx
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Hierarchically clustered correlation matrix of H3K27ac CUT&RUN profiles in Hct116 cells.
Correlation matrix of three replicates from Hct116 WT, Fbw7−/− (Del), and Fbw7R/+ (R) cells. IgG negative control for each cell type included. Peaks from the three cell types were merged to create a final peak-set to perform the correlation analysis. CUT&RUN, cleavage under target and release using nuclease; WT, wild-type.
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Percentage of peaks with decreased H3K27ac signal located within different gene features.
Compared to nondifferential H3K27ac peaks, differential H3K27ac peaks enrich mostly within introns and intergenic regions (p<0.0001, Fisher test).
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Complete output of the MEME-ChIP analysis on H3K27ac differential sites.
(A) MEME-ChIP analysis on the sequences of H3K27ac increased sites in Fbw7−/− cells. (B) MEME-ChIP analysis on the sequences of nondifferential H3K27ac sites in Fbw7−/− cells (negative control, 1409 sites). *FIMO analysis revealed that AP-1 motif was enriched in approximately 30%–35% of H3K27ac sites that were decreased in Fbw7−/− (p<1.8e−5), increased in Fbw7R/+ (30.2%; p=1.8e−5), decreased in Fbw7R/+ (35%; p<1.5e−5); however, only 17% in nondifferential sites (1409 sites) (p<1.8e−5).
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Fbw7 preferentially regulates Jun and Myc DNA occupancy at distal regulatory regions.
(A) Fbw7 abundance in chromatin (C) and soluble (S) fractions from Hct116 WT, Fbw7R/+, and Fbw7R/R cells. Histone H3 was detected in chromatin fractions. (B) Increased (red) and decreased (blue) Jun and Myc sites in Hct116 Fbw7−/− and Fbw7R/+ cells compared to WT. (C) Nondifferential and differential Jun and Myc peaks located within gene features. (D) H3K27ac and H3K4me1 CUT&RUN signal from Hct116 WT and Fbw7−/− cells mapped on genomic sites that have increased Jun occupancy in Fbw7−/− cells. (E) Schema depicting the filtering criteria applied to the annotated differential sites to select gene proximal sites. (F) Transcription of genes with increased or decreased Jun bound at a gene proximal site. (Each row is a gene and three replicates each from Hct116 WT and Fbw7−/− cells are shown. Replicates for each genotype were from a single clone, however from separately cultured samples.) See Figure 3—figure supplements 1–4 and Figure 3—source data 1–2. CUT&RUN, cleavage under target and release using nuclease; WT, wild-type.
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Figure 3—source data 1
Original western blots for Figure 3A and Figure 3—figure supplement 1.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/74338/elife-74338-fig3-data1-v2.zip
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Figure 3—source data 2
Jun and Myc differential sites in Hct116 cells.
This Excel file includes lists of peaks with increased and decreased Jun and Myc signal in Hct116 Fbw7−/− and Fbw7R/+ relative to WT. Fold change and FDR listed for each peak. WT, wild-type.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/74338/elife-74338-fig3-data2-v2.xlsx
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Fbw7 abundance in chromatin (C) and soluble (S) fractions from Hct116 WT, Fbw7R/+, and Fbw7R/R cells treated with and without Bortezomib.
WT, wild-type.
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Validation of Jun and Myc CUT&RUN profiles.
(A) Hierarchically clustered correlation matrix of Jun and Myc signal mapped in Hct116 WT, Fbw7−/− (Del), and Fbw7R/+ (R) cells. IgG negative control for each cell type included. Peaks from the three cell types were merged to create a final peak-set. (B) Sequence logo of the AP-1 motif enriched in the center 100-bp sequence of Jun peaks in Hct116 WT (E value=1.3e−53) and sequence logo of E-box motif enriched in the center 100-bp sequence of Myc peaks in Hct116 WT (1.7e−4). AP-1 motif was input to FIMO to scan for the motif in full sequence of 25,527 Jun peaks in Hct116 WT. FIMO output showed that motifs with score between 15.73 and 12.11 occurred 26,547 times (p<6.46e−05). E-box motif was input to FIMO to scan for the motif in full sequence of 24,111 Myc peaks in Hct116 WT. FIMO output showed that motifs with score between 15.32 and 9.24 occurred 9343 times (p<0.00024). Motif score range was determined by the exact similarity to TGAG/CTCA (AP-1 motif) or CACGTG (E box). CUT&RUN, cleavage under target and release using nuclease; WT, wild-type.
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Transcription of genes with differential promoter-proximal Myc and Jun occupancy in Fbw7 mutant cells.
Hierarchically clustered genes showing the transcription of genes that have increased or decreased Myc and Jun occupancy at gene proximal sites in Fbw7−/− and Fbw7R/+ cells.
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Fbw7 exhibits mutation-type specific regulation and coordinate regulation of multiple TFs.
(A) The overlap between peaks with increased Jun in Fbw7−/− and Fbw7R/+ cells. (B) Genome browser view of Jun and H3K27ac occupancy in Hct116 WT, Fbw7−/−, and Fbw7R/+ cells at representative loci. Black arrows point to peaks with increased signal uniquely in Fbw7−/− (KCNQ5), in both Fbw7−/− and Fbw7R/+ (intermediate level in Fbw7R/+) (ITGA2) and increased in Fbw7R/+ than in Fbw7−/− (MAML2). (C, D) Heatmap of Jun and H3K27ac signal from each cell type mapped on sites with increased Jun in Fbw7−/− cells. (E–H) (E) the overlap between peaks with increased Jun and Myc, (F) decreased Jun and Myc, (G) increased Jun and decreased Myc, and (H) decreased Jun and increased Myc in Fbw7−/− cells. See Figure 4—figure supplement 1. TF, transcription factor; WT, wild-type.
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Comparison between Jun and Myc peaks in Hct116 cells.
(A) The overlap between Jun and Myc peaks in Hct116 WT cells (p<0.0001, Fisher test). (B) The overlap between peaks with increased Jun occupancy in Fbw7−/− and Fbw7R/+ cells, and decreased Myc occupancy in Fbw7−/− and Fbw7R/+ cells. (C) The overlap between decreased Jun occupancy in Fbw7−/− and Fbw7R/+ cells, and increased Myc occupancy in Fbw7−/− and Fbw7R/+ cells.
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Fbw7 regulates the expression of MHC Class II genes.
(A) Genome browser view of TFs and histone modification marks enriched at the promoter and regulatory sites upstream of CIITA gene. Arrows point to (from right to left): PIV (promoter of isoform IV); PIII (promoter of isoform III); PURR (PIII Upstream Regulatory Regions)—a known regulatory site 6-kb upstream of PIII; and a known regulatory site 14-kb upstream to PIII. Black scale bar=10 kb. (B) Expression fold change of CIITA and MHC Class II genes in Hct116 Fbw7−/− with respect to WT cells. FDR values are indicated on top of each bar. n=3. (C) Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of MHC Class II (HLA-DRA, HLA-DRB, HLA-DPA, and HLA-DPB) expression in Hct116 Fbw7−/− cells. Mean fold change in Fbw7−/− cells with respect to WT cells. Error bars=SEM, n=3. (D) CIITA isoforms III and IV amplified using isoform specific primers in Hct116 and Raji cells. (E) Flow cytometry analysis of HLA-DR/DP/DQ protein expression in Hct116 cells. (F) CIITA expression in primary cancer samples from TCGA COADREAD data sets that have WT Fbw7 (n=297) and mutated Fbw7 (n=43). (G) CIITA expression in colon and rectal cancer cell lines with WT Fbw7 (n=47) and mutated Fbw7 (n=23). Data collected from DepMap portal. See Figure 5—figure supplement 1, Figure 5—figure supplement 2 and Figure 5—source data 1–4. TF, transcription factor; WT, wild-type.
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Figure 5—source data 1
Original gels for Figure 5C.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/74338/elife-74338-fig5-data1-v2.zip
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Figure 5—source data 2
TCGA COADREAD data used for Figure 5D.
This Excel file includes the CIITA expression counts for WT and Fbw7-mutant Colorectal tumors. WT, wild-type.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/74338/elife-74338-fig5-data2-v2.xlsx
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Figure 5—source data 3
Colorectal cancer cell line data from DepMap used for Figure 5E.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/74338/elife-74338-fig5-data3-v2.xlsx
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Figure 5—source data 4
Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of MHC Class II genes in Hct116 cells.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/74338/elife-74338-fig5-data4-v2.xlsx
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Figure 5—source data 5
Original western blots for Figure 5—figure supplement 2.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/74338/elife-74338-fig5-data5-v2.zip
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Expression fold change of MHC Class I genes in Hct116 Fbw7−/− with respect to WT cells.
FDR values are indicated at top of each bar (n=3). WT, wild-type.
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MHC Class II protein expression in Hct116 cells.
Western blot detecting HLA-DR in Hct116 cells. Protein intensity of HLA-DR band was measured using ImageJ in comparison to the loading control. HLA-DR protein is ~2-fold higher in Fbw7−/− cells in comparison to WT (n=2). WT, wild-type.
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Transcriptional consequences of loss of Fbw7 in neural stem cells.
(A) Clustering analysis separates differentially expressed protein-coding genes in NSCs into two groups. Heatmap shows the intensity of expression of each gene (y-axis) for three replicates per cell type (x-axis). Three replicates were from two independently engineered cell samples. (B) TFs, pathways, and GO terms enriched in upregulated genes in Fbw7−/− NSCs. (C) Sites with increased (red) and decreased (blue) Jun in Fbw7−/− NSCs compared to WT. (D) Nondifferential and differential Jun peaks located within each gene feature. (E) Fold change of CIITA and MHC Class II genes in Fbw7−/− NSCs compared to WT. FDR values are given at the top of each bar. n=3. (F) Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of MHC Class II (HLA-DRA, HLA-DRB, HLA-DPA, and HLA-DPB) expression in Fbw7−/− NSCs. Mean fold change in Fbw7−/− cells with respect to WT cells. Error bars=SEM, n=3. (G) Genome browser view of Myc, Jun, and H3K27ac occupancy on CIITA regulatory regions in WT and Fbw7−/− NSCs. Black scale bar=8 kb. See Figure 6—figure supplements 1–3 and Figure 6—source data 1–6. GO, gene ontology; TF, transcription factor; WT, wild-type.
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Figure 6—source data 1
Confirming loss of Fbw7 in U5-NSC Fbw7−/− cells.
This folder contains the original western blots for Figure 6—figure supplement 1A. Western blots that confirm the loss of Fbw7 in two others separately performed nucleofection reactions are also included.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/74338/elife-74338-fig6-data1-v2.zip
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Figure 6—source data 2
Differential expression analysis of U5-NSC RNA-Seq.
This Excel file contains the differential analysis output of U5-NSC RNA-Seq data from control (Ctrl23, Ctrl4.1, and Ctrl4.2) and Fbw7−/− (Fb23, Fb4.1, and Fb4.2) cells. DE=0, not differentially expressed (DE) in the mutant compared to WT; DE=1, DE in the mutant compared to WT. NSC, neural stem cell; WT, wild-type.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/74338/elife-74338-fig6-data2-v2.xlsx
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Figure 6—source data 3
Enrichr output for U5-NSC differentially expressed genes.
This Excel file includes the TRANSFAC & JASPAR, MSigDB, and GO term outputs enriched in differential (upregulated or downregulated) genes in Fbw7−/− NSCs. GO, gene ontology; NSC, neural stem cell.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/74338/elife-74338-fig6-data3-v2.xlsx
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Figure 6—source data 4
Jun differential sites in U5-NSCs.
(U5F=Fbw7−/− and U5W=WT). NSC, neural stem cell; WT, wild-type.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/74338/elife-74338-fig6-data4-v2.xlsx
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Figure 6—source data 5
Original gels for Figure 6—figure supplement 3.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/74338/elife-74338-fig6-data5-v2.zip
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Figure 6—source data 6
Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of MHC Class II genes in NSCs.
NSC, neural stem cell.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/74338/elife-74338-fig6-data6-v2.xlsx
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Figure 6—source data 7
Original western blots for Figure 6—figure supplement 5.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/74338/elife-74338-fig6-data7-v2.zip
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Validation of U5-NSC Fbw7−/− generation and CUT&RUN Jun signal.
(A) Western blot showing Fbw7; samples 1–4: U5 NSCs with sgRNA targeting Fbw7 exons 3, 4, and 9, and all three exons in one pool; samples 5–6: U5 NSCs with control sgRNA 1× and 3×; and sample 7: Hct116 WT. (B) Sequence logo of AP-1 motif enriched in Jun peaks in U5 NSCs (E value=1.2e−146). CUT&RUN, cleavage under target and release using nuclease; NSC, neural stem cell; WT, wild-type.
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Proliferation of Fbw7 mutant U5 NSCs.
(A) Cell proliferation was monitored with an IncuCyte for 81 hr. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Proliferation was measured at each time point normalized to percent confluence at time 0. Doubling time, WT 61.3 hr and Fbw7−/− 88.82 hr. (B) Flow cytometry analysis of DNA replication in Fbw7 mutant cells. Density plots of EdU versus DNA content (DAPI) in NSCs. Single cells were identified by gating events on DAPI-H/DAPI-A. Cells were labeled with EdU prior to harvest and were later fixed and immuno-stained for flow cytometry. NSC, neural stem cell; WT, wild-type.
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Percentage of peaks with decreased Jun in U5 NSC Fbw7−/− within different gene regions.
NSC, neural stem cell.
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CIITA isoform III amplified using isoform specific primers in U5 NSCs.
NSC, neural stem cell.
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MHC Class II protein expression in Hct116 cells.
(A) Flow cytometry analysis of HLA-DR in Fbw7 mutant NSCs. Density plots of side scatter (SSC) versus PE HLA-DR. (B) Western blot detecting HLA-DR/DP/DQ in NSCs. Protein intensity of HLA band was measured using ImageJ in comparison to the loading control. HLA protein is ~3-fold higher in Fbw7−/− cells in comparison to WT. NSC, neural stem cell; WT, wild-type.
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Comparison of differentially expressed (DE) genes in Hct116 and NSCs.
(A) Hierarchical clustering of DE protein-coding genes in Hct116. Expression level of the same genes in NSCs is also mapped. Genes that are not captured in NSC are in gray. Log2FC of DE genes specific to Hct116 cells was higher than the DE genes shared by both Hct116 and NSCs (Wilcoxon test: p=5.33e−16). (B) Hierarchical clustering of DE protein-coding genes in NSC. Expression level of the same genes in Hct116 cells is also mapped. Log2FC of DE genes specific to NSCs was higher than the DE genes shared by both Hct116 and NSCs (Wilcoxon test: p=3.727e−10). NSC, neural stem cell.
Tables
Reagent type (species) or resource | Designation | Source or reference | Identifiers | Additional information |
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Gene (Homo sapiens) | FBXW7 | NCBI | Gene ID: 55294 | Also known as Fbw7 and FBXW7 |
Gene (H. sapiens) | JUN | NCBI | Gene ID: 3725 | Also known as AP1, AP-1, cJUN, and c-Jun |
Gene (H. sapiens) | MYC | NCBI | Gene ID: 4609 | Also known as MYC, c-Myc, cMyc |
Cell line (H. sapiens) | Hct116 | From Dr. Julian Simon at Fred Hutch | HCT116 CCL-247 | Adult male colon cancer |
Cell line (H. sapiens) | U5 human neural stem cells (NSCs) | Jackson Laboratory | B6.129P2Gpr37tm1Dgen/J | Primary cells |
Antibody | Anti-H3K27ac Rabbit Monoclonal | Abcam | Cat#: ab45173 | C&R (1:100) |
Antibody | Anti-H3K27me3 Rabbit Monoclonal(C36B11) | Cell Signaling Technology | Cat#: 9733A | C&R (1:100) |
Antibody | Anti-cJun Rabbit Polyclonal (H-79) | Santa Cruz Biotechnology | Cat#: sc-1694 | C&R (1:25) |
Antibody | Anti-Myc Rabbit Monoclonal(D3N8F) | Cell Signaling Technology | Cat#: 13987S | C&R (1:25) |
Antibody | Anti-H3K4me1Rabbit Polyclonal | Abcam | Cat#: ab8895 | C&R (1:100) |
Antibody | Anti-H3K4me2 Rabbit Monoclonal(C64G9) | Cell Signaling Technology | Cat#: 9725 | C&R (1:100) |
Antibody | Normal IgG (Rabbit) | Santa Cruz Biotechnology | sc-2027 | C&R (1:50) |
Antibody | Anti-Fbw7 Rabbit Polyclonal | Bethyl | A301-720A | WB (1:1000) |
Antibody | Anti-HLA DR Mouse MonoclonalTAL 1B5 | Abcam | ab20181 | WB (1:500) |
Antibody | Anti-HLA DR+ DP + DQ Mouse Monoclonal CR3/43 | Abcam | ab7856 | WB (1:500) |
Antibody | Anti-Mouse IgG peroxidase-linked secondary | Cytiva NA9311ML | Cat#: 45-000-679 | WB (1:10,000) |
Antibody | Anti-Rabbit IgG peroxidase-linked secondary | Cytiva NA9341ML | Cat#: 45-000-682 | WB (1:10,000) |
Antibody | Anti-γ Tubulin Mouse Monoclonal | Santa Cruz Biotechnology | sc-17787 | WB (1:1000) |
Antibody | Anti-H3 Mouse Monoclonal (96C10) | Cell Signaling Technology | Cat#: 3638S | WB (1:1000) |
Antibody | PE Anti-HLA DR+ DP + DQ Mouse Monoclonal WR18 | Abcam | ab23901 | FC (1:50) |
Antibody | PE Anti-HLA DR Mouse Monoclonal | BioLegend | Cat#: 307605 | FC (1:50) |
Commercial assay or kit | QIAGEN RNeasy Mini Kit | QIAGEN | Cat#: 74104 | |
Commercial assay or kit | iScript Reverse Transcription Supermix | Bio-Rad | Cat#: 1708841 | |
Commercial assay or kit | Platinum SYBR Green qPCR SuperMix-UDG with Rox | Invitrogen | Cat#: 11744100 | |
Software, algorithm | Beckman Biomek FX liquid handling robot | Genomics and Bioinformatics Center at Fred Hutch | Automated CUT&RUN | |
Software, algorithm | ChemiDoc Touch Imaging System OS 2.3.0.07 | Bio-Rad |
Additional files
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Transparent reporting form
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/74338/elife-74338-transrepform1-v2.pdf
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Source data 1
Summary of all CUT&RUN experiments.
Experimental conditions of all CUT&RUN experiments included in the study.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/74338/elife-74338-data1-v2.xlsx