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Knockout of CDK8/19, but not its inhibition, impairs spermatogenesis by reducing steroid production in Leydig cells.

Although methods to efficiently generate functional autonomic postganglionic neurons from human pluripotent stem cells largely mirror signaling cues during embryonic development, several in vivo signaling cues remain to be explored in vitro.

Infralimbic inhibitory parvalbumin neurons play a counterintuitive role in supporting flexible behavior in the face of threat.

Crystallography, molecular dynamics simulations, and biochemical analyses of Calvin-Benson-Bassham sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase) from the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii identify a redox module that controls oligomeric states for the activation of the enzyme.

Behavioral and functional analyses revealed that UBR-1 deficiency in Caenorhabditis elegans disrupts glutamate signaling and confers ivermectin resistance.

This enzymatic method enables highly specific and complete 1:1 protein conjugations with small molecules, solid supports, and other proteins, offering broad applicability across diverse biochemical and biotechnological applications.

Computational modelling suggests that the segmentation clock and the morphogenesis of the pre-somitic mesoderm exhibit developmental modularity, enabling the independent evolution of these processes and possibly contributing to the high evolvability of vertebrate segment number.

The peripherally restricted opioid receptor antagonist naloxone methiodide reverses fentanyl-induced respiratory depression without causing aversive behaviors that are observed after naloxone.

Meta-analysis reveals there is no evidence that variation in clutch size in birds is driven by the reproduction–survival trade-off.

The genome-wide transcriptional regulatory network in Pseudomonas syringae demonstrates the regulatory diversity and functional pathways.