July 2022

Research articles

1. 1. Neuroscience
   2. Physics of Living Systems

   Label-free three-photon imaging of intact human cerebral organoids for tracking early events in brain development and deficits in Rett syndrome

   Murat Yildirim, Chloe Delepine ... Mriganka Sur

   Label-free three-photon imaging of whole, uncleared intact organoids generated from Rett syndrome patients show shorter migration distances and slower migration speeds of mutant radially migrating neurons with more tortuous trajectories.
2. 1. Cell Biology

   Ubiquitination drives COPI priming and Golgi SNARE localization

   Swapneeta S Date, Peng Xu ... Todd R Graham

   The ability of COPI to bind polyubiquitin is a key determinant for SNARE incorporation into intracellular vesicles and for maintenance of a functional Golgi complex.
3. 1. Cell Biology

   CXCR4^high megakaryocytes regulate host-defense immunity against bacterial pathogens

   Jin Wang, Jiayi Xie ... Meng Zhao

   scRNA-seq identified CXCR4^high MKs can funtionally regulate host-defense immune response against bacterial infection.
4. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
   2. Genetics and Genomics

   Manganese is a physiologically relevant TORC1 activator in yeast and mammals

   Raffaele Nicastro, Hélène Gaillard ... Ralf Erik Wellinger

   Manganese drives the activation of the ‘target of rapamycin complex 1’ and uncouples sensing and response to nutrient availability.
5. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
   2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

   Selenocyanate derived Se-incorporation into the nitrogenase Fe protein cluster

   Trixia M Buscagan, Jens T Kaiser, Douglas C Rees

   X-ray crystal structures capture ATP-dependent chalcogenide exchange from selenocyanate at the nitrogenase Fe protein cluster in the absence of the MoFe protein, an unexpected result as the Fe protein cluster is not traditionally perceived as a site of substrate binding.
6. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

   Natural killer (NK) cell-derived extracellular-vesicle shuttled microRNAs control T cell responses

   Sara G Dosil, Sheila Lopez-Cobo ... Lola Fernandez-Messina

   Extracellular vesicles derived from natural killer cells contain a specific repertoire of microRNAs that promote Th1 responses.
7. 1. Neuroscience

   Heritability and cross-species comparisons of human cortical functional organization asymmetry

   Bin Wan, Şeyma Bayrak ... Sofie L Valk

   Human brain suggests an asymmetric organization along a functional cortical axis describing a hierarchical functional trajectory from perceptual/action to abstract cognition, which is heritable and comparable with macaque brain, suggesting (phylo)genetic conservation and adaptation.
8. 1. Ecology
   2. Plant Biology

   Locally adaptive temperature response of vegetative growth in Arabidopsis thaliana

   Pieter Clauw, Envel Kerdaffrec ... Magnus Nordborg

   Growth of Arabidopsis seedlings at low temperatures differs between plants that hail from different parts of the world in a way that suggests climate adaptation.
9. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease
   2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

   The giant mimivirus 1.2 Mb genome is elegantly organized into a 30-nm diameter helical protein shield

   Alejandro Villalta, Alain Schmitt ... Chantal Abergel

   As a Russian doll, mimivirus dsDNA genome is folded in a nucleocapsid-like structure enclosed in the nucleoid compartment, encased in the icosahedral capsid itself decorated by long glycosylated fibrils surprisingly made of the same protein as the genomic fiber.
10. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Large protein complex interfaces have evolved to promote cotranslational assembly

    Mihaly Badonyi, Joseph A Marsh

    Analysis of protein interfaces suggests cotranslational assembly can be an adaptive process, likely serving to minimise non-specific interactions with other proteins in the cell.
11. 1. Physics of Living Systems

    3D single cell migration driven by temporal correlation between oscillating force dipoles

    Amélie Luise Godeau, Marco Leoni ... Daniel Riveline

    A phase shift between local contractions drives 3D cell motility in experiments and in model or how a finite area in the dipole-quadrupole space explains cell motion with zero total force.
12. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

    Global analysis of cytosine and adenine DNA modifications across the tree of life

    Sreejith Jayasree Varma, Enrica Calvani ... Markus Ralser

    By using mass spectrometry, we determined the global levels of various DNA modifications across species and tissues.
13. 1. Computational and Systems Biology

    Rewiring of liver diurnal transcriptome rhythms by triiodothyronine (T₃) supplementation

    Leonardo Vinicius Monteiro de Assis, Lisbeth Harder ... Henrik Oster

    High triiodothyronine levels lead to a broad rewiring of the liver transcriptome, which mostly occurs downstream of the liver clock machinery itself, thus suggesting that daytime critically affects thyroid hormone action in the liver.
14. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Computational and Systems Biology

    Mapping the single-cell landscape of acral melanoma and analysis of the molecular regulatory network of the tumor microenvironments

    Zan He, Zijuan Xin ... Hua Zhao

    A single-cell landscape of acral melanoma and the intermolecular regulatory relationships between microenvironments.
15. 1. Neuroscience

    Flexible and efficient simulation-based inference for models of decision-making

    Jan Boelts, Jan-Matthis Lueckmann ... Jakob H Macke

    A new machine learning method makes it possible to efficiently identify the parameters of cognitive models using Bayesian inference, even when only model simulations are available.
16. 1. Genetics and Genomics

    Association analyses of host genetics, root-colonizing microbes, and plant phenotypes under different nitrogen conditions in maize

    Michael A Meier, Gen Xu ... Jinliang Yang

    Comprehensive analyses of host genetics, root-associated microbiomes, and plant phenotypes under two nitrogen treatments reveals host genetic control of microbe abundance which, in turn, affects plant performance.
17. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Unsupervised detection of fragment length signatures of circulating tumor DNA using non-negative matrix factorization

    Gabriel Renaud, Maibritt Nørgaard ... Søren Besenbacher

    Non-negative Matrix Factorization is a powerful strategy for unsupervised analysis of cell-free DNA that enables simultaneous estimation of the blood tumor fraction and the fragment length distribution of circulating tumor DNA.
18. 1. Neuroscience

    Exogenous capture accounts for fundamental differences between pro- and antisaccade performance

    Allison T Goldstein, Terrence R Stanford, Emilio Salinas

    The detection of a salient stimulus triggers a stereotypical oculomotor response, an impulse to look toward it, whose timing and strength are largely independent of behavioral significance and top-down control.
19. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Distinct elongation stalls during translation are linked with distinct pathways for mRNA degradation

    Anthony J Veltri, Karole N D'Orazio ... Rachel Green

    Genetic screens and functional assays utilizing reporter mRNAs triggering NGD or COMD provide a basis for understanding the unique contributions of each pathway to translation-coupled mRNA decay and contextualizes their effects in the larger cellular process of translation surveillance.
20. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Physics of Living Systems

    Three-dimensional structure of kinetochore-fibers in human mitotic spindles

    Robert Kiewisz, Gunar Fabig ... Thomas Müller-Reichert

    Comprehensive 3D electron tomography reconstructions of metaphase spindles in human tissue culture cells reveal that kinetochore-fibers broaden as they extend polewards, forming semi-direct connections to the pole, where they preferentially interact with the spindle network.
21. 1. Genetics and Genomics
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Pneumococcal genetic variability in age-dependent bacterial carriage

    Philip HC Kremer, Bart Ferwerda ... John A Lees

    Future vaccination strategies in pneumococcal disease should target specific bacterial serotypes for different host age groups.
22. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Lung evolution in vertebrates and the water-to-land transition

    Camila Cupello, Tatsuya Hirasawa ... Paulo M Brito

    The primitive state of vertebrate lungs is unpaired, evolving to be truly paired in the lineage towards the tetrapods, increasing the pulmonary efficiency during the water-to-land transition.
23. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    A scalable and modular automated pipeline for stitching of large electron microscopy datasets

    Gayathri Mahalingam, Russel Torres ... Nuno Macarico da Costa

    A novel image processing infrastructure that is capable of processing petascale datasets and can operate on both electron and light microscopy data.
24. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Flagellar energy costs across the tree of life

    Paul E Schavemaker, Michael Lynch

    Prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella follow a common trend in swimming cost-effectiveness, but eukaryotic flagella are too large for cells with prokaryote volumes, yielding insight into flagellar dissimilarity between taxa.
25. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

    Unsuppressed HIV infection impairs T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and abrogates T cell cross-recognition

    Thandeka Nkosi, Caroline Chasara ... Zaza M Ndhlovu

    Cross-reactive T cell immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 is severely compromised in HIV viremic individual.
26. 1. Neuroscience

    Dopamine neuron morphology and output are differentially controlled by mTORC1 and mTORC2

    Polina Kosillo, Kamran M Ahmed ... Helen S Bateup

    Chronic inhibition of mTORC1 signaling strongly affects the morphology, physiology and output of dopamine neurons leading to impaired dopaminergic function in mice.
27. 1. Evolutionary Biology

    Mutational robustness changes during long-term adaptation in laboratory budding yeast populations

    Milo S Johnson, Michael M Desai

    Yeast populations lose mutational robustness during evolution in one environment but not in another due to the collective effect of a large number of idiosyncratic epistatic interactions.
28. 1. Neuroscience

    Prenatal development of neonatal vocalizations

    Darshana Z Narayanan, Daniel Y Takahashi ... Asif A Ghazanfar

    Vocal development in marmoset monkeys begins in utero.
29. 1. Cell Biology

    XAB2 dynamics during DNA damage-dependent transcription inhibition

    Lise-Marie Donnio, Elena Cerutti ... Giuseppina Giglia-Mari

    After DNA damage induction, transcription is blocked and XAB2 is released from R-loops allowing a subset of XAB2 molecules to interact with UV-stalled RNAP2 and participating to the TC-NER process.
30. 1. Medicine

    Senescent preosteoclast secretome promotes metabolic syndrome associated osteoarthritis through cyclooxygenase 2

    Weiping Su, Guanqiao Liu ... Mei Wan

    Under metabolic syndrome, joint subchondral preosteoclasts acquire a senescence-associated secretome, which causes a rapid structural alteration of subchondral bone and contributes to the development of osteoarthritis.
31. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health

    Population-based sequencing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveals how current population dynamics are shaped by past epidemics

    Irving Cancino-Muñoz, Mariana G López ... Iñaki Comas

    Low-burden does not mean low local transmission, and tailor-made strategies are needed to control TB based on the knowledge of the local transmission dynamics.
32. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Type 1 piliated uropathogenic Escherichia coli hijack the host immune response by binding to CD14

    Kathrin Tomasek, Alexander Leithner ... Michael Sixt

    By binding with their type 1 pili to the cell surface receptor CD14, pathogenic E. coli suppress the capacity of dendritic cells to activate T cells.
33. 1. Physics of Living Systems

    Speed variations of bacterial replisomes

    Deepak Bhat, Samuel Hauf ... Simone Pigolotti

    The speed of replisomes in Escherichia coli depends on temperature and varies along the genome in a wave-like manner, with implications for bacterial physiology.
34. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Physics of Living Systems

    Self-organization of kinetochore-fibers in human mitotic spindles

    William Conway, Robert Kiewisz ... Daniel J Needleman

    A biophysical model in which kinetochore microtubules nucleate at kinetochores and growth polward along nematic streamlines quantitatively explains kinetochore microtubule lengths, orientations, and spatially varying dynamics in metaphase human spindles.
35. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    ATP binding facilitates target search of SWR1 chromatin remodeler by promoting one-dimensional diffusion on DNA

    Claudia C Carcamo, Matthew F Poyton ... Taekjip Ha

    In vitro single-particle tracking reveals that ATP binding increases the one-dimensional diffusion of yeast chromatin remodeler SWR1 on DNA stretched between optical tweezers and diffusion is confined by protein roadblocks and nucleosomes.
36. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

    A network of cytosolic (co)chaperones promotes the biogenesis of mitochondrial signal-anchored outer membrane proteins

    Layla Drwesh, Benjamin Heim ... Doron Rapaport

    An array of cytosolic co-chaperones and chaperones helps to maintain newly synthesized mitochondrial outer membrane proteins in an import competent state.
37. 1. Cell Biology

    Selective endocytosis controls slit diaphragm maintenance and dynamics in Drosophila nephrocytes

    Konrad Lang, Julian Milosavljevic ... Tobias Hermle

    To maintain the filtration barrier, slit diaphragms are cleansed by rapid cycles of raft-mediated endocytosis, while dynamin-dependent endocytosis prevents lateral diffusion of slit diaphragm protein.
38. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Computational and Systems Biology

    On the flexibility of the cellular amination network in E coli

    Helena Schulz-Mirbach, Alexandra Müller ... Steffen N Lindner

    The amination network for the distribution of assimilated ammonium throughout metabolism is defined by promiscuous transaminases, allowing a high flexibility of the network that supported engineering novel connections and even alternative ammonium assimilation entry points.
39. 1. Genetics and Genomics
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    BIRC6 modifies risk of invasive bacterial infection in Kenyan children

    James J Gilchrist, Silvia N Kariuki ... Thomas N Williams

    Defining the probability of bacterial disease among children with severe malaria allows the integration of bacteraemia and severe malaria genome-wide association study data, identifying a novel risk locus for invasive bacterial disease.
40. 1. Neuroscience

    A viral toolbox for conditional and transneuronal gene expression in zebrafish

    Chie Satou, Rachael L Neve ... Rainer W Friedrich

    Novel procedures for viral gene transfer in zebrafish enable visualization and manipulation of specific neurons.
41. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Physics of Living Systems

    Tracking receptor motions at the plasma membrane reveals distinct effects of ligands on CCR5 dynamics depending on its dimerization status

    Fanny Momboisse, Giacomo Nardi ... Anne Brelot

    Combining particle tracking in living cells with statistical analysis demonstrates how the oligomeric organization of cell surface receptor influences their function, a necessary step in the development of drugs targeting specific receptor conformation.
42. 1. Neuroscience

    Mapping odorant sensitivities reveals a sparse but structured representation of olfactory chemical space by sensory input to the mouse olfactory bulb

    Shawn D Burton, Audrey Brown ... Matt Wachowiak

    Large-scale mapping of sensory input to the mouse olfactory bulb reveals exceptionally narrow tuning of olfactory receptor input to glomeruli and defines a functional map of glomerular sensitivities that is structured with respect to olfactory chemical space.
43. 1. Developmental Biology

    Targeted depletion of uterine glandular Foxa2 induces embryonic diapause in mice

    Mitsunori Matsuo, Jia Yuan ... Xiaofei Sun

    Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) suppression is not sufficient to maintain long-term uterine quiescence like in ovariectomized mice maintained on progesterone supplement, and estrogen has an adverse impact on uterine quiescence independent of FOXA2 (forkhead box protein A2)/LIF.
44. 1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    Enhancing and inhibitory motifs regulate CD4 activity

    Mark S Lee, Peter J Tuohy ... Michael S Kuhns

    Eutherian CD4 evolved counterbalancing motifs in the extracellular, transmembrane, and intracellular domains that regulate CD4⁺ T cell responses to peptide antigens presented by class II MHC (pMHCII).
45. 1. Cell Biology

    Claudin5 protects the peripheral endothelial barrier in an organ and vessel-type-specific manner

    Mark Richards, Emmanuel Nwadozi ... Lena Claesson-Welsh

    Organ and vessel-type-specific differences in endothelial cell barrier composition and properties uncover the distinct importance of the major tight junction protein Claudin5 in restricting agonist-induced leakage.
46. 1. Ecology
    2. Plant Biology

    A dynamic rhizosphere interplay between tree roots and soil bacteria under drought stress

    Yaara Oppenheimer-Shaanan, Gilad Jakoby ... Tamir Klein

    Increased root exudation rate under combined drought and bacterial inoculation and bacterial growth stimulation by specific exudation metabolites support the idea of root recruitment of beneficial bacteria, especially under water stress.
47. 1. Physics of Living Systems

    Control of nuclear size by osmotic forces in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

    Joël Lemière, Paula Real-Calderon ... Fred Chang

    The volume of the nucleus is dictated by a balance of colloid osmotic forces from the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm.
48. 1. Neuroscience

    The rapid developmental rise of somatic inhibition disengages hippocampal dynamics from self-motion

    Robin F Dard, Erwan Leprince ... Michel A Picardo

    The first postnatal week ends with the development of perisomatic innervation and with an abrupt switch in the representation of self-motion in the region CA1 of the mouse hippocampus.
49. 1. Neuroscience

    Dopamine D2Rs coordinate cue-evoked changes in striatal acetylcholine levels

    Kelly M Martyniuk, Arturo Torres-Herraez ... Christoph Kellendonk

    Pharmacological and genetic studies in the mouse reveal how dopamine D2 receptors on cholinergic interneurons regulate cue-evoked changes in the levels of striatal acetylcholine and dopamine during behavior.
50. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    µ-Theraphotoxin Pn3a inhibition of Ca_V3.3 channels reveals a novel isoform-selective drug binding site

    Jeffrey R McArthur, Jierong Wen ... David J Adams

    The spider venom peptide Pn3a recognizes a pharmacophore unique to Ca_V3.3 amongst T-type calcium channels, underscoring its potential as a novel molecular tool for the study of Ca_V3.3-mediated currents in native cells.
51. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Impact of energy limitations on function and resilience in long-wavelength Photosystem II

    Stefania Viola, William Roseby ... A William Rutherford

    Comparisons of enzyme efficiency and electron transfer show that, to oxidize water using lower energy light, the two types of far-red photosystem II have adopted opposite trade-offs between efficiency of light use and resilience to light damage.
52. 1. Cell Biology

    Ndc1 drives nuclear pore complex assembly independent of membrane biogenesis to promote nuclear formation and growth

    Michael Sean Mauro, Gunta Celma ... Shirin Bahmanyar

    Discovery of how cells couple addition of membranes with insertion of nuclear pore complexes to form and grow the nucleus.
53. 1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Key features of the genetic architecture and evolution of host-microbe interactions revealed by high-resolution genetic mapping of the mucosa-associated gut microbiome in hybrid mice

    Shauni Doms, Hanna Fokt ... John F Baines

    Genetic variation influencing the gut microbiome is abundant among incipient mammalian host species, and cospeciating bacterial taxa display a unique genetic architecture.
54. 1. Physics of Living Systems

    Interplay of surface interaction and magnetic torque in single-cell motion of magnetotactic bacteria in microfluidic confinement

    Agnese Codutti, Mohammad A Charsooghi ... Stefan Klumpp

    Confined magnetotactic bacteria exhibit circling and U-turn trajectories explained by a competition of alignment with a magnetic field and alignment along the confining walls as well as considerable cell-to-cell heterogeneity.
55. 1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Physics of Living Systems

    Design of an optimal combination therapy with broadly neutralizing antibodies to suppress HIV-1

    Colin LaMont, Jakub Otwinowski ... Armita Nourmohammad

    Computational evolutionary model to predict the efficacy of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) in suppressing HIV and to design optimal combination therapy with bNAbs.
56. 1. Cell Biology

    Recruitment of clathrin to intracellular membranes is sufficient for vesicle formation

    Cansu Küey, Méghane Sittewelle ... Stephen J Royle

    Clathrin-coated vesicles can be made to form on intracellular membranes using a minimal molecular system, which defines the core vesicle budding machinery.
57. 1. Medicine
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Reconstruction of transmission chains of SARS-CoV-2 amidst multiple outbreaks in a geriatric acute-care hospital: a combined retrospective epidemiological and genomic study

    Mohamed Abbas, Anne Cori ... Stephan Harbarth

    Nosocomial transmission of SARS-Cov-2 in geriatric settings is complex, with different patterns between patients and healthcare workers working in Covid/non-Covid wards that should be taken into account when designing infection control strategies.
58. 1. Ecology

    Both prey and predator features predict the individual predation risk and survival of schooling prey

    Jolle Wolter Jolles, Matthew MG Sosna ... Iain D Couzin

    Detailed tracking of live predators attacking live schools of prey reveals the crucial interplay between predator attack strategy and prey behaviour and positioning in determining the predation risk within mobile animal groups.
59. 1. Neuroscience

    Stress diminishes outcome but enhances response representations during instrumental learning

    Jacqueline Katharina Meier, Bernhard P Staresina, Lars Schwabe

    Decoding of neural outcome and response representations allows dissecting goal-directed and habitual contributions to behaviour and reveals how acute stress biases the instrumental control of behaviour.
60. 1. Cell Biology

    Deconstructing cold-induced brown adipocyte neogenesis in mice

    Rayanne B Burl, Elizabeth Ann Rondini ... James G Granneman

    Single-cell RNA-sequencing, spatial genomics, and histological analyses reveal that cold-induced brown adipose neogenesis is a complex adaptive response to elevated metabolic demand involving dynamic interactions between recruited immune cells and a subpopulation of poised adipocyte progenitors.
61. 1. Cancer Biology

    AR-V7 exhibits non-canonical mechanisms of nuclear import and chromatin engagement in castrate-resistant prostate cancer

    Seaho Kim, CheukMan C Au ... Paraskevi Giannakakou

    Advanced microscopy techniques reveal unique biological features that distinguish androgen receptor variant 7 (AR-V7) from the canonical AR, including high intranuclear mobility and rapid nuclear import that occurs independently of importin-α/β.
62. 1. Neuroscience
    2. Physics of Living Systems

    Mathematical relationships between spinal motoneuron properties

    Arnault H Caillet, Andrew TM Phillips ... Luca Modenese

    Validated mathematical relationships between motoneuron morphometric and electrophysiological properties are provided as a tool for neuroscientists and modellers to generate hypotheses for experimental studies investigating currently unreported relationships and build virtual motoneuron profiles with consistent properties for modelling purposes.
63. 1. Neuroscience

    Brain-wide screen of prelimbic cortex inputs reveals a functional shift during early fear memory consolidation

    Lucie Dixsaut, Johannes Gräff

    Prelimbic cortical inputs are differentially recruited during early memory consolidation, with claustrum projections involved at encoding and insular cortex projections recruited for recent recall.
64. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Analysis of allelic cross-reactivity of monoclonal IgG antibodies by a multiplexed reverse FluoroSpot assay

    Henriette Hoffmann-Veltung, Nsoh Godwin Anabire ... Maria del Pilar Quintana

    An improved 'plug-and-play' reversed FluoroSpot assay is described and validated that allows the simultaneous assessment of antibody cross-reactivity at the single-cell level against up to four variants of a polymorphic antigen of interest.
65. 1. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    Comparison of freshly cultured versus cryopreserved mesenchymal stem cells in animal models of inflammation: A pre-clinical systematic review

    Chintan Dave, Shirley HJ Mei ... Lauralyn McIntyre

    Administration of cryopreserved as compared freshly cultured MSCs do not appear to negatively impact measures of in vivo efficacy or in vitro potency in animal models of inflammation.
66. 1. Genetics and Genomics

    Age and diet shape the genetic architecture of body weight in diversity outbred mice

    Kevin M Wright, Andrew G Deighan ... Anil Raj

    Genetic effects on body weight in mice are highly heterogeneous, dynamic, and nonlinear with respect to genomic background, age, and diet.
67. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Phosphoregulation accommodates Type III secretion and assembly of a tether of ER-Chlamydia inclusion membrane contact sites

    Rachel J Ende, Rebecca L Murray ... Isabelle Derré

    To establish membrane contacts between its vacuole and the endoplasmic reticulum, the obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis has evolved complex molecular strategies to mimic emerging regulatory processes that control contact-dependent organelle–organelle communication.
68. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Medicine

    Immune dynamics in SARS-CoV-2 experienced immunosuppressed rheumatoid arthritis or multiple sclerosis patients vaccinated with mRNA-1273

    Niels JM Verstegen, Ruth R Hagen ... Carolien E van de Sandt

    SARS-CoV-2 experienced ocrelizumab-treated MS patients benefit from SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination by inducing broadprotective CD8+ T-cells, whereas methotrexate-treated RA patients induce delayed but strong antibody responses, which support vaccine strategies for these patient groups.
69. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    A non-transcriptional function of Yap regulates the DNA replication program in Xenopus laevis

    Rodrigo Meléndez García, Olivier Haccard ... Odile Bronchain

    Yap interacts with Rif1, a major DNA replication timing factor, and functions as a brake to control the DNA replication program in Xenopus early embryos and post-embryonic stem cells.
70. 1. Neuroscience

    Brain-wide analysis of the supraspinal connectome reveals anatomical correlates to functional recovery after spinal injury

    Zimei Wang, Adam Romanski ... Murray G Blackmore

    Three-dimensional imaging and automated, brain-wide cell counting yield new insight into the diversity of neurons that connect the brain to the spinal cord and their different sensitivity to spinal cord damage.
71. 1. Neuroscience

    Impaired astrocytic Ca²⁺ signaling in awake-behaving Alzheimer’s disease transgenic mice

    Knut Sindre Åbjørsbråten, Gry HE Syverstad Skaaraas ... Rune Enger

    Noradrenaline-mediated astrocytic Ca²⁺ signaling in behavior is reduced in awake-behaving tg-ArcSwe Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice.
72. 1. Evolutionary Biology

    Fitness consequences of outgroup conflict

    Ines Braga Goncalves, Amy Morris-Drake ... Andrew N Radford

    A detailed discussion of the broad range of immediate, delayed, cumulative, and third-party fitness consequences arising from outgroup conflict showcases the importance of this neglected aspect of sociality as a powerful and widespread evolutionary force.
73. 1. Developmental Biology

    Transgenic quails reveal dynamic TCF/β-catenin signaling during avian embryonic development

    Hila Barzilai-Tutsch, Valerie Morin ... Olivier Serralbo

    A novel avian transgenic line allows studying the function of Wnt signaling during embryonic development.
74. 1. Neuroscience

    Regulation of presynaptic Ca²⁺ channel abundance at active zones through a balance of delivery and turnover

    Karen L Cunningham, Chad W Sauvola ... J Troy Littleton

    Voltage-gated calcium channel delivery to synaptic active zones (AZs) occurs broadly across the population, correlates with AZ size, and is regulated by α2δ, while channel recycling is promoted by new delivery to generate an upper limit on AZ accumulation.
75. 1. Cell Biology

    Arl15 upregulates the TGFβ family signaling by promoting the assembly of the Smad-complex

    Meng Shi, Hieng Chiong Tie ... Lei Lu

    The active small G protein, Arl15-GTP, interacts with the MH2 domain of Smad4 and positively regulates the TGFß family signaling pathway by promoting the assembly of the Smad-complex.
76. 1. Neuroscience

    Neural tracking of phrases in spoken language comprehension is automatic and task-dependent

    Sanne ten Oever, Sara Carta ... Andrea E Martin

    The brain’s projection of linguistic knowledge onto speech is reflected by the automatic, reflexive neural tracking of phrases, while the distribution of phrasal-rate tracking and connectivity, particularly the involvement of inferior frontal cortex, is subject to task demands.
77. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

    A CD4⁺ T cell reference map delineates subtype-specific adaptation during acute and chronic viral infections

    Massimo Andreatta, Ariel Tjitropranoto ... Santiago J Carmona

    Description of the transcriptional and clonal landscape of virus-specific CD4⁺ T cells in acute and chronic viral infections, and a new reference map to interpret CD4 T cell diversity across tissues and biological models.
78. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    HIF-1α induces glycolytic reprograming in tissue-resident alveolar macrophages to promote cell survival during acute lung injury

    Parker S Woods, Lucas M Kimmig ... Gökhan M Mutlu

    Transcriptomic and bionergetic analysis shows the importance of HIF-1α activation in enabling tissue-resident alveolar macrophages to perform glycolytic metabolism, which prevents their death and attenuates influenza A virus-induced acute lung injury.
79. 1. Genetics and Genomics

    Using adopted individuals to partition indirect maternal genetic effects into prenatal and postnatal effects on offspring phenotypes

    Liang-Dar Hwang, Gunn-Helen Moen, David M Evans

    Adopted individuals in large-scale population based cohorts can be leveraged to partition maternal genetic effects into prenatal and postnatal components, helping elucidate the underlying mechanisms behind these associations, and for diseases, yielding important information regarding the optimal timing of interventions.
80. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Intracerebral mechanisms explaining the impact of incidental feedback on mood state and risky choice

    Romane Cecchi, Fabien Vinckier ... Julien Bastin

    Invasive electrophysiological recordings from the human brain reveal that different mood levels translate into different brain states that predispose subjects to make risky or safe decisions.
81. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

    Cryo-EM structures reveal that RFC recognizes both the 3′- and 5′-DNA ends to load PCNA onto gaps for DNA repair

    Fengwei Zheng, Roxana Georgescu ... Michael E O'Donnell

    Cryo-EM shows a 5’ DNA site on the RFC clamp loader, in addition to the 3’ site, and biochemical study shows the 5’ site facilitates PCNA loading onto gaps, consistent with genetics indicating the 5’ DNA site facilitates gap repair.
82. 1. Neuroscience

    Human muscle spindles are wired to function as controllable signal-processing devices

    Michael Dimitriou

    By acting as versatile signal-processors that encode flexible coordinate representations, muscle spindles challenge current widely held views concerning the role of proprioceptors and the peripheral nervous system in sensorimotor function.
83. 1. Neuroscience

    BK channel properties correlate with neurobehavioral severity in three KCNMA1-linked channelopathy mouse models

    Su Mi Park, Cooper E Roache ... Andrea Meredith

    Among three new models for KCNMA1 channelopathy, the most severe gain-of-function variant (Kcnma1^N999S/WT) displays a particular type of immobilizing paroxysmal dyskinesia observed in patients, including amphetamine responsiveness.
84. 1. Neuroscience

    UP-DOWN states and ripples differentially modulate membrane potential dynamics across DG, CA3, and CA1 in awake mice

    Koichiro Kajikawa, Brad K Hulse ... Evgueniy V Lubenov

    The majority of hippocampal neurons in CA3 experience inhibition before and during ripple buildup, while dentate and CA1 cells display depolarizing transients preceding and following ripple onset pointing to a long and orchestrated awake ripple initiation process.
85. 1. Evolutionary Biology

    Morphometric analysis of lungfish endocasts elucidates early dipnoan palaeoneurological evolution

    Alice M Clement, Tom J Challands ... John A Long

    Cranial endocasts of fossil and extant lungfish, analysed via tomography and novel principle component analyses designed for use with missing data, show that lungfish forebrain and inner ear regions show the most variation in brain shape evolution through time.
86. 1. Plant Biology

    Increased signal-to-noise ratios within experimental field trials by regressing spatially distributed soil properties as principal components

    Jeffrey C Berry, Mingsheng Qi ... Rebecca S Bart

    A method to reduce the noise present in field experiments by accounting for heterogeneity in field soils.
87. 1. Neuroscience

    Exploring the expression patterns of palmitoylating and de-palmitoylating enzymes in the mouse brain using the curated RNA-seq database BrainPalmSeq

    Angela R Wild, Peter W Hogg ... Shernaz X Bamji

    A curated resource to study the brain RNA expression patterns of the genes that regulate palmitoylation is presented, alongside a detailed exploration of how these patterns can inform future research.
88. 1. Neuroscience

    A single exposure to altered auditory feedback causes observable sensorimotor adaptation in speech

    Lana Hantzsch, Benjamin Parrell, Caroline A Niziolek

    Hearing a single auditory error while speaking causes an adaptive change that corrects for that error the next time we say a word, providing empirical support for current models of speech sensorimotor adaptation and aligning speech with other motor domains.
89. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cancer Biology

    Metabolic requirement for GOT2 in pancreatic cancer depends on environmental context

    Samuel A Kerk, Lin Lin ... Costas A Lyssiotis

    Inhibition of GOT2 drives growth inhibitory reductive stress that can be rescued by electron acceptors in vitro, whereas GOT2 inhibition in endogenous or transplanted tumor models is tolerated without consequence, highlighting the importance of context when studying tumor metabolism.
90. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    The human amniotic epithelium confers a bias to differentiate toward the neuroectoderm lineage in human embryonic stem cells

    Daniela Ávila-González, Wendy Portillo ... Néstor F Díaz

    Interaction of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) with human amniotic epithelial cells (hAEC) confers hESC a pluripotent potential that resembles the anteriorized epiblast, which is predisposed to form the neural ectoderm.
91. 1. Neuroscience

    Non-uniform distribution of dendritic nonlinearities differentially engages thalamostriatal and corticostriatal inputs onto cholinergic interneurons

    Osnat Oz, Lior Matityahu ... Joshua A Goldberg

    The membrane nonlinearities of the dendritic arbor of striatal cholinergic interneurons conspire with the spatial distribution of its excitatory inputs to preferentially boost thalamic inputs.
92. 1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    The evolutionary history of human spindle genes includes back-and-forth gene flow with Neandertals

    Stéphane Peyrégne, Janet Kelso ... Svante Pääbo

    Analyses of spindle genes with missense changes in modern humans reveal evidence for positive selection since the split with archaic humans and show that modern humans interacted with Neandertals more than once in the past 200,000 years.
93. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Cancer type classification using plasma cell-free RNAs derived from human and microbes

    Shanwen Chen, Yunfan Jin ... Pengyuan Wang

    Both human and microbe cell-free RNA features in plasma could distinguish tumors of different primary locations.
94. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

    Engineered natural killer cells impede the immunometabolic CD73-adenosine axis in solid tumors

    Andrea M Chambers, Kyle B Lupo ... Sandro Matosevic

    Genetically engineered, CD73-redirected human NK cells show potent antitumor activity in vivo by impairing adenosinergic activity of CD73 in cancer.
95. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Ecology

    Green fluorescent protein-like pigments optimise the internal light environment in symbiotic reef-building corals

    Elena Bollati, Niclas H Lyndby ... Daniel Wangpraseurt

    Scalar irradiance microsensor measurements performed inside the tissue of living corals show that absorption and fluorescence emission by host pigments produce dramatic spectral alterations in the light environment experienced by the symbionts.
96. 1. Genetics and Genomics

    Genome-wide association study in quinoa reveals selection pattern typical for crops with a short breeding history

    Dilan SR Patiranage, Elodie Rey ... Christian Jung

    A new insight into quinoa diversity enables sequence-based breeding and functional genomics.
97. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

    Modelling the response to vaccine in non-human primates to define SARS-CoV-2 mechanistic correlates of protection

    Marie Alexandre, Romain Marlin ... Rodolphe Thiébaut

    A model-based approach for modelling the immune control of viral dynamics is applied to quantify the effect of several SARS-CoV-2 vaccine platforms and to define mechanistic correlates of protection.
98. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Intact Drosophila central nervous system cellular quantitation reveals sexual dimorphism

    Wei Jiao, Gard Spreemann ... Brian D McCabe

    Fewer neurons and more glia than previously predicted plus substantial differences between males and females are revealed when entire intact Drosophila larval central nervous systems are quantified using a synthesis of genetic, imaging, and computation technologies.
99. 1. Genetics and Genomics
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Core genes can have higher recombination rates than accessory genes within global microbial populations

    Asher Preska Steinberg, Mingzhi Lin, Edo Kussell

    Homologous recombination rates tend to be highest in the most conserved parts of bacterial genomes.
100. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health
     2. Genetics and Genomics

     Validation of a multi-ancestry polygenic risk score and age-specific risks of prostate cancer: A meta-analysis within diverse populations

     Fei Chen, Burcu F Darst ... Christopher A Haiman

     A previously developed multi-ancestry polygenic risk score is potentially an effective prostate cancer risk stratification tool across ancestry populations.
101. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Metabolic arsenal of giant viruses: Host hijack or self-use?

     Djamal Brahim Belhaouari, Gabriel Augusto Pires De Souza ... Sarah Aherfi

     Metabolic pathways found to date in giant virus raise the question if these viral enzymes provide some level of autonomy to viruses or if they are used to expand the host metabolism.
102. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Genetics and Genomics

     Genetically controlled mtDNA deletions prevent ROS damage by arresting oxidative phosphorylation

     Simon Stenberg, Jing Li ... Jonas Warringer

     Yeast cells adapt to harmful superoxide generated during mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by arresting respiration through mtDNA deletions whose emergence depend on superoxide dismutase 2 and the retrograde pathway.
103. 1. Neuroscience

     Predictions and experimental tests of a new biophysical model of the mammalian respiratory oscillator

     Ryan S Phillips, Hidehiko Koizumi ... Jeffrey C Smith

     The predictive power of a computational model advances understanding of the neuronal and circuit biophysical mechanisms that generate the respiratory rhythm and neural activity patterns in the mammalian brainstem.
104. 1. Neuroscience

     Spatially bivariate EEG-neurofeedback can manipulate interhemispheric inhibition

     Masaaki Hayashi, Kohei Okuyama ... Junichi Ushiba

     Interhemispheric inhibition can be manipulated by directly and bidirectionally modulating the bilateral sensorimotor excitabilities in a spatially bivariate Brain-Computer Interface-based neurofeedback paradigm.
105. 1. Genetics and Genomics
     2. Neuroscience

     The E3 ligase Thin controls homeostatic plasticity through neurotransmitter release repression

     Martin Baccino-Calace, Katharina Schmidt, Martin Müller

     An electrophysiology-based genetic screen in Drosophila identified a role for the E3 ligase Thin in presynaptic homeostatic plasticity.
106. 1. Developmental Biology

     Regionally distinct trophoblast regulate barrier function and invasion in the human placenta

     Bryan Marsh, Yan Zhou ... Robert Blelloch

     Single cell RNA-sequencing of distinct regions of the human placenta identifies a smooth chorion-specific cytotrophoblast population responsible for unique functions of the smooth chorion, including acting as a barrier and restricting invasion.
107. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease
     2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     An entropic safety catch controls hepatitis C virus entry and antibody resistance

     Lenka Stejskal, Mphatso D Kalemera ... Joe Grove

     The entry glycoproteins of hepatitis C virus, E1E2, possess a novel regulatory mechanism in which protein disorder is harnessed to control their activity and their ability to evade antibodies.
108. 1. Medicine

     Insights from full-text analyses of the Journal of the American Medical Association and the New England Journal of Medicine

     Moustafa Abdalla, Mohamed Abdalla ... Scott H Podolsky

     Historical analysis of nearly half-a-million articles from the Journal of the American Medical Association and the New England Journal of Medicine since their inception frames the shifting scientific, material, ethical, and epistemic underpinnings of medicine over time, including today.
109. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health
     2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     The influence of biological, epidemiological, and treatment factors on the establishment and spread of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum

     Thiery Masserey, Tamsin Lee ... Melissa A Penny

     Models of malaria and treatment dynamics were combined with emulator-based global sensitivity analysis to elucidate the interplay between drug, biology, and epidemiological factors on the evolution of resistance to malaria treatments, including artemisinin.
110. 1. Cell Biology

     The relative binding position of Nck and Grb2 adaptors impacts actin-based motility of Vaccinia virus

     Angika Basant, Michael Way

     The ability of Vaccinia virus to induce actin polymerisation depends on the relative binding position of adaptors within the signalling network activating the Arp2/3 complex.
111. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Developmental Biology

     Morphogenetic forces planar polarize LGN/Pins in the embryonic head during Drosophila gastrulation

     Jaclyn Camuglia, Soline Chanet, Adam C Martin

     Morphogenetic forces from tissue invagination orient cell division through a previously undescribed mechanism of force-dependent LGN/Pins polarization.
112. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     The giant staphylococcal protein Embp facilitates colonization of surfaces through Velcro-like attachment to fibrillated fibronectin

     Nasar Khan, Hüsnü Aslan ... Rikke Louise Meyer

     Fibronectin can shift from a globular to fibrillated form when adsorbing to implant surfaces, and this shift makes it accessible to attachment by Staphylococcus epidermidis, which is the leading cause of implant-associated infections.
113. 1. Neuroscience

     Taste quality and hunger interactions in a feeding sensorimotor circuit

     Philip K Shiu, Gabriella R Sterne ... Kristin Scott

     Gustatory information and hunger state impinge on a local, multilayered circuit that drives feeding initiation.
114. 1. Neuroscience

     Neural mechanisms underlying the temporal organization of naturalistic animal behavior

     Luca Mazzucato

     Naturalistic animal behavior exhibits a complex organization in the temporal domain, whose variability stems from hierarchical, contextual, and stochastic sources and can be naturally explained in terms of metastable attractor models.
115. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Combining hypothesis- and data-driven neuroscience modeling in FAIR workflows

     Olivia Eriksson, Upinder Singh Bhalla ... Jeanette Hellgren Kotaleski

     Increased usability and validity of neuroscience models, through FAIR workflows for the whole modeling process, including data and model management, parameter estimation, uncertainty quantification, and model analysis.
116. 1. Ecology
     2. Evolutionary Biology

     Host-parasite coevolution promotes innovation through deformations in fitness landscapes

     Animesh Gupta, Luis Zaman ... Justin R Meyer

     An interdisciplinary approach combining high throughput genotype-to-phenotype mapping, population genetic simulations, and experimental evolution provides an answer to the question of how populations evolve new functions by providing tests of the role antagonistic coevolution plays in pressuring populations to innovate.
117. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

     The transcription factor RUNX2 drives the generation of human NK cells and promotes tissue residency

     Sigrid Wahlen, Filip Matthijssens ... Georges Leclercq

     RUNX2 plays an important role in human NK cell biology by driving differentiation, inhibiting cytokine production, and inducing a tissue-resident phenotype, which has implications for improving NK cell therapy for cancer patients.
118. 1. Neuroscience

     β2-subunit alternative splicing stabilizes Cav2.3 Ca²⁺ channel activity during continuous midbrain dopamine neuron-like activity

     Anita Siller, Nadja T Hofer ... Jörg Striessnig

     Regulation of Cav2.3 Ca²⁺ channels by membrane-bound β2 subunit splice variants permits long-lasting channel activity even during prolonged and continuous activity in dopamine neurons, with implications for Parkinson's disease pathophysiology.
119. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Immunopathology and Trypanosoma congolense parasite sequestration cause acute cerebral trypanosomiasis

     Sara Silva Pereira, Mariana De Niz ... Luisa M Figueiredo

     While Trypanosoma congolense is mostly known to cause a chronic wasting disease in animals, a new mouse model shows that acute cerebral trypanosomiasis is triggered by parasite sequestration and infiltration of T helper cells in the brain parenchyma.
120. 1. Cell Biology

     Reconstitution of kinetochore motility and microtubule dynamics reveals a role for a kinesin-8 in establishing end-on attachments

     Julia R Torvi, Jonathan Wong ... Georjana Barnes

     Kip3, a kinesin-8, has a role in chromosome congression as shown by reconstitution of kinetochore and microtubule dynamics.
121. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health
     2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Controlling SARS-CoV-2 in schools using repetitive testing strategies

     Andrea Torneri, Lander Willem ... Pieter JK Libin

     In primary schools, where vaccination coverage can be low, a repetitive testing strategy reduces SARS-CoV-2 infections while keeping classes and schools open, as such limiting infection transmissions and absenteeism.
122. 1. Medicine

     Genomic landscape of lymphatic malformations: a case series and response to the PI3Kα inhibitor alpelisib in an N-of-1 clinical trial

     Montaser F Shaheen, Julie Y Tse ... Wadih Arap

     Pathogenic activating mutations in PIK3CA or NRAS were the most common genetic findings in a lymphatic malformation patient cohort and an N-of-1 trial of the PI3Kα inhibitor alpelisib in a patient with a PIK3CA mutation confirmed these findings are actionable.
123. 1. Genetics and Genomics
     2. Medicine

     Unbiased mosaic variant assessment in sperm: a cohort study to test predictability of transmission

     Martin W Breuss, Xiaoxu Yang ... Joseph G Gleeson

     The abundance of mosaic variants detected directly in sperm accurately predicts their transmission to concepti.
124. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
     2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Single-cell glycomics analysis by CyTOF-Lec reveals glycan features defining cells differentially susceptible to HIV

     Tongcui Ma, Matthew McGregor ... Nadia R Roan

     Glycans are remodeled by HIV and are determinants of CD4+ T cell susceptibility to HIV infection.
125. 1. Cell Biology

     Self-assembly of pericentriolar material in interphase cells lacking centrioles

     Fangrui Chen, Jingchao Wu ... Anna Akhmanova

     In the absence of centrioles, components of pericentriolar material can self-organize into a single compact microtubule-organizing center through dynein-mediated transport of pericentrin-containing protein complexes if CAMSAP- and Golgi-mediated pathways of microtubule minus-end stabilization and anchoring are disabled.
126. 1. Neuroscience

     Developmental changes in story-evoked responses in the neocortex and hippocampus

     Samantha S Cohen, Nim Tottenham, Christopher Baldassano

     Brain responses to a narrative movie change over the course of childhood and adolescence, shifting from event-boundary responses in the hippocampus to stable and anticipatory event representations in the neocortex.
127. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
     2. Genetics and Genomics

     Genome-wide detection of imprinted differentially methylated regions using nanopore sequencing

     Vahid Akbari, Jean-Michel Garant ... Steven JM Jones

     A genome-wide map of human allele-specific methylation using long-read sequencing detects novel imprinted DNA methylation events and reveals large blocks of subtle parent-of-origin bias in DNA methylation with mutual exclusive allelic H3K36me3 and H3K27me3 histone modifications.
128. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

     A high-throughput yeast display approach to profile pathogen proteomes for MHC-II binding

     Brooke D Huisman, Zheng Dai ... Michael E Birnbaum

     Yeast surface-displayed libraries, when coupled with pooled oligonucleotide synthesis and next-generation sequencing, can be used as a platform to assess binding of whole viral proteomes to class II major histocompatibility complex proteins.
129. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health
     2. Medicine

     Investigating the relationship of COVID-19 related stress and media consumption with schizotypy, depression, and anxiety in cross-sectional surveys repeated throughout the pandemic in Germany and the UK

     Sarah Daimer, Lorenz L Mihatsch ... Franziska Knolle

     The uncertainties of the pandemic and the restrictions on social life have a strong impact on mental well-being, and especially on the expression of schizotypal traits, which are further boosted by excessive media consumption.
130. 1. Neuroscience

     Visualizing synaptic dopamine efflux with a 2D composite nanofilm

     Chandima Bulumulla, Andrew T Krasley ... Abraham G Beyene

     A technology for measuring release of dopamine simultaneously from hundreds of release sites at the spatial resolution of a synapse is provided.
131. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Ancestral acetylcholine receptor β-subunit forms homopentamers that prime before opening spontaneously

     Christian JG Tessier, Raymond M Sturgeon ... Corrie JB daCosta

     Reconstructed ancestral muscle-type acetylcholine receptor β-subunits readily form homopentameric ion channels that open spontaneously, and display functional hallmarks of the modern-day heteropentameric receptor despite being devoid of canonical agonist-binding sites.
132. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Process- and product-related impurities in the ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccine

     Lea Krutzke, Reinhild Rösler ... Stefan Kochanek

     Analysis of protein content and protein composition of the ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccine, but not of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine, indicated significantly higher than expected levels of host cell proteins (HCPs) and of free viral proteins.
133. 1. Neuroscience

     Therapeutic deep brain stimulation disrupts movement-related subthalamic nucleus activity in parkinsonian mice

     Jonathan S Schor, Isabelle Gonzalez Montalvo ... Alexandra B Nelson

     In a mouse model of Parkinson's disease, deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus disrupts movement-related neural activity in parallel with relieving motor symptoms.
134. 1. Cancer Biology

     Response to immune checkpoint blockade improved in pre-clinical model of breast cancer after bariatric surgery

     Laura M Sipe, Mehdi Chaib ... Liza Makowski

     Bariatric surgery reversed obesity-exacerbated tumor burden and increased efficacy of anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy.
135. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

     Genetic dissection of the RNA polymerase II transcription cycle

     Shao-Pei Chou, Adriana K Alexander ... Charles G Danko

     Natural genetic variation reveals how DNA sequence impacts core transcriptional processes of initiation, pause, and termination.
136. 1. Ecology

     Life history predicts global population responses to the weather in terrestrial mammals

     John Jackson, Christie Le Coeur, Owen Jones

     In mammals, how populations respond to extremes in the weather is related to their pace of life, with shorter living species having stronger responses than their longer living counterparts.
137. 1. Neuroscience

     Long-term transverse imaging of the hippocampus with glass microperiscopes

     William T Redman, Nora S Wolcott ... Michael J Goard

     Two-photon imaging through glass microperiscopes allows imaging of the transverse plane of the hippocampus, including all major subfields, in awake behaving mice.
138. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Conformational fingerprinting of allosteric modulators in metabotropic glutamate receptor 2

     Brandon Wey-Hung Liauw, Arash Foroutan ... Reza Vafabakhsh

     A combination of single-molecule and in vivo FRET showed how drugs affect conformation of mGluR2 at different domains.
139. 1. Neuroscience

     Synaptic location is a determinant of the detrimental effects of α-synuclein pathology to glutamatergic transmission in the basolateral amygdala

     Liqiang Chen, Chetan Nagaraja ... Hong-Yuan Chu

     A combination of physiological, histological, and optical approaches reveals synapse-specific function of α-synuclein in mouse brain under both normal and pathological states.
140. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Inner membrane complex proteomics reveals a palmitoylation regulation critical for intraerythrocytic development of malaria parasite

     Pengge Qian, Xu Wang ... Jing Yuan

     A systemic proteome of the pellicle organelle inner membrane complex (IMC) provides new insight for the intraerythrocytic proliferation of malaria parasite and identifies the palmitoyl-acyl-transferase DHHC2 as a key enzyme regulating the localization of IMC proteins through palmitoylation.